The Daily Halacha Moment - Shenayim Mikra V’echad Targum - Who's Obligated? 📙
״כל השונה הלכות בכל יום - מובטח לו שהוא בן העולם הבא״ (נידה עג ע״א, מגילה כח:)
“Anyone who studies Halachot every day is guaranteed that he is destined for the world-to-come” (Megilla 28b, Niddah 73a)
Question:
Who's obligated in the Mitzvah of Shenayim Mikra v’echad targum?
Answer:
Men over the age of bar Mitzvah are obligated in the mitzvah of Shenayim Mikra v’echad targum. Similarly, Children should begin reciting shenayim mikra v’echad targum when they are old enough to understand the parashah and are able to read it properly. [1] Once a boy turns bar mitzvah he does not have to repeat the parashiyot that he read before his bar mitzvah, since a young child also has an obligation in learning Torah. [2]
Women are not obligated to read shenayim mikra v’echad targum since they are not obligated in the mitzvah of learning torah. However, if they want to read it anyways, it is praiseworthy to do so. [3]
An avel is still obligated in the mitzvah of reading shenayim mikra and it should be done on Shabbat which takes place during the shivah. [4]
If one regularly recites shenayim mikra on Friday, then one may even be lenient and read on Friday during the shivah. [5]
Furthermore, even a person who learns Torah all day is nevertheless obligated to do this mitzvah.[6]
One who does not know how to read, a sick person or one who cannot see well should try to listen to someone else who is reading shenayim mikra and fulfill his obligation through his reading. [7]
Sources:
[1]. Shevet HaLevi 8:46; Teshuvot Ve’Hanhagot 1:261; Halichot Shlomo, Tefillah 12:37; Yechaveh Daat 2:37; Yalkut Yosef, Shabbat, vol. 1, book 4, p. 478. See also in Yoru Mishpatecha, vol. p. 239, halachah 4, who adds that it is advisable to start one’s child slowly and make them only do part of the parashah every week until they are able to do an entire parashah.
[2]. Emet Le’Yaakov, pg. 143 footnote 308. See also in Nishmat Shabbat 2:333, pg. 357. See also in Kovetz Halachot, Shabbat, vol. 1, 19:4 who writes that if the boy will be turning Bar Mitzvah at the end of the week then he should wait until he turns Bar Mitzvah in order to begin reciting shenayim mikra for that week.
[3]. See Shemirat Shabbat Kehilchatah ch. 42, footnote 231; Halichot Olam, vol. 3, p. 54; Chazon Ovadia, Shabbat, vol. 1, p. 328; Yalkut Yosef, Shabbat, vol. 1, p. 466; Rivevot Ephraim 6:115:35. See also in Mishneh Halachot 6:60.
[4]. See in Chazon Ovadia, Shabbat, vol. 1, p. 316 and Avelut, vol. 2, p. 199. However, the Yabia Omer 4:Y.D:31:8 points out that even on Shabbat, Rashi’s commentary should not be read by an avel.
Furthermore, if the seventh day of mourning falls out on Shabbat, then it is better to wait until one gets up from mourning before reciting the shenayim mikra for that week. See also in Yalkut Yosef, Shabbat, vol. 1, book 4, p. 473.
[5]. Chazon Ovadia, Shabbat, vol. 1, p. 323; Yabia Omer, 4, Y.D. 31:4; Yalkut Yosef, Shabbat, vol. 1, book 4, p. 468.
[6]. See Shulchan Aruch 285:1; Igrot Moshe O.C. 5:17; Shemirat Shabbat Kehilchatah 42:57; Shevet HaLevi
8:46; Chazon Ovadia, Shabbat, vol. 1, p. 300; Yalkut Yosef, Shabbat, vol. 1, book 4, p. 443.
[7]. See Chazon Ovadia, Shabbat, vol. 1, p. 323; Yalkut Yosef, Shabbat, vol. 1, book 4, p. 480 – 486.
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