What Prayers Require A Minyan

Halacha Moment
May 28
2 min read

The Daily Halacha Moment - What Prayers Require A Minyan

״כל השונה הלכות בכל יום - מובטח לו שהוא בן העולם הבא״ (נידה עג ע״א, מגילה כח:)

“Anyone who studies Halachot every day is guaranteed that he is destined for the world-to-come” (Megilla 28b, Niddah 73a)

Question:

What Parts of Davening Require There to Be a Minyan?

Answer:

Certain parts of davening, known as devarim shebikdusha, sacred communal prayers, may only be recited in the presence of a minyan, which consists of ten adult Jewish men. These include Kaddish, Kedusha (during the repetition of the Amidah), Barechu, the Chazarat HaShatz (repetition of the Amidah), public Torah reading with blessings, Birkat Kohanim, and the Haftarah with its blessings. If there is no minyan, these parts are omitted. [1] Interestingly, even if four of the ten men have already completed their personal davening, the group still retains the status of a valid minyan, and the congregation may proceed with Kaddish, Kedusha, and Barchu.[See footnote 2] When it comes to beginning Chazarat HaShatz, halachically it is permitted to start even if up to four of the ten are still in the middle of their silent Amidah. However, it is preferable to wait until all ten are finished and able to respond properly to the chazan, in order to avoid the issue of berachot levatalah, blessings said in vain. [3]

Sources:

[1]. Shulchan Aruch 55:1

[2]. Shulchan Aruch 69:1; Mishna Berurah 69:8; Yalkut Yosef 90:14; Sherit Yosef 2 pg 341. See Igrot Moshe OC 1:28-30 who explains that in order to daven as a congregation, everyone needs to be davening. Using a majority doesn't create a quorum, which is a reality created by ten davening together. Dvarim Shebekedusha has a requirement of ten Jews present and majority who are obligated can satisfy that requirement. See also Dirshu 69:8, who quotes that the Brisker Rav ( inTeshuvot Vehanhagot 1:102) and Steipler (Orchot Rabbenu v. 1 p. 51) who agreed with Rav Moshe.

[3]. Halacha Berurah 55:18-9, Mishna Berurah 55:32

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