Can one walk in front of someone praying Shemonah Esrei? It is forbidden to walk directly in front of someone who is praying within four amot. However, it is permitted to walk behind them or to their sides. Some explain that the reason for this prohibition is that walking in front of someone disrupts their kavanah (concentration).

When does one bow during Shemonah Esrei? How does one bow?

May one pray Shemoneh Esrei  if one needs to use the restroom? Before beginning Shemoneh Esrei, one should make sure that they do not need to use the bathroom. Even if a person feels they can hold it in for as long as 72 minutes, it is still prohibited to initially begin Shemoneh Esrei while needing to relieve oneself.

What exactly is a Makom Kavuah? One should establish a makom kavua—a fixed place—for tefillah, and make an effort to consistently pray in the same seat and the same shul. This halacha specifically applies to the Shemoneh Esrei, which should ideally be recited from a designated spot each day. If one is unable to attend shul and must pray at home, it is still proper to designate a specific place in the house for tefillah.

What's the correct way to recite shema? Shema should preferably be recited aloud, as speaking the words out loud enhances one’s concentration. However, it is permitted to say Shema quietly, as long as it is loud enough that one can hear oneself. If, after the fact, one recited it so softly that even they could not hear their own voice, they have still technically fulfilled their obligation, though it is not the ideal way to perform the mitzvah.

May one walk during Shema? It is forbidden to walk while reciting the first pasuk of Shema ("Shema Yisrael Hashem Elokeinu Hashem Echad") and Baruch Shem Kevod Malchuto LeOlam Va’ed, as these are the most central declarations of Hashem’s unity and kingship, and they require complete stillness and focused attention.