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Customs of Kabalat Shabbat

The Daily Halacha Moment - Kabalat Shabbat 📙


״כל השונה הלכות בכל יום - מובטח לו שהוא בן ‎העולם הבא״ (נידה עג ע״א, מגילה כח:)


“Anyone who studies Halachot every day is guaranteed that he is destined for the world-to-come” (Megilla 28b, Niddah 73a)


Question:

What are some customs of Kabalat Shabbat?


Answer:

It is proper to pray Kabbalat Shabbat while it is still day, and recite at least “Boee Kallah,” at the end of Lecha Dodi, before shkiyah (so that one should fulfill Tosefet Shabbat as mentioned in a previous Halacha Moment). [1] It is praiseworthy to recite Kabbalat Shabbat along with a minyan of people. [2]


It is customary to recite “Mizmor LeDavid Havu” (Tehillim, chap. 29) before Lecha Dodi. Afterward, one should recite Lecha Dodi, “Mizmor Shir LeYom HaShabbat” (Tehillim, chap. 99) and “Hashem Malach” (Tehillim, chap. 93) [3]


Some communities, Sephardim and Ashkenazim, begin Kabbalat Shabbat with several other chapters in Tehillim (chapters, 95-100, beginning with “Lechu Neranenah”).[4] Some communities also add “Anah BaKoach” after Mizmor LeDavid. [5]


It is customary among Ashkenazim that the chazzan should wear a tallit when reciting Kabbalat Shabbat. However, Sephardim do not have this custom. Teimanim, on the other hand, have the custom that everyone wears a tallit during the teffilot of Friday night. [6]


Sources:

[1]. Halachah Berurah, vol. 15, p. 144.

[2]. Yalkut Yosef, Shabbat, book 1, vol. 2, p. 451, in the name of Halachot Ketanot 1:52.

[3]. Kaf HaChaim 262:32 in the name of the Arizal in Shaar Hakavanot, p. 64. See also in Aruch HaShulchan

262:2 and in Halachah Berurah, vol. 15, p. 145.

[4]. See in Seder HaYom, Seder Kabbalat Shabbat. See also in Aruch HaShulchan 267:2 who brings several reasons for reciting these chapters of Tehillim.

[5]. Yafeh LaLev, vol. 7, §267; Aruch HaShulchan 267:2: Halachah Berurah, vol. 15, p. 146.

[6]. The custom of Teimanim is based in the Rambam, Shabbat, 30:2 who states that one should wear a tallit

when accepting Shabbat. The Kaf HaChaim 18:2 mentions this custom as well. See also in Halachah Berurah, vol. 1, p. 368 and Yalkut Yosef, Shabbat, book 1, vol. 2, p. 461.


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