The Daily Halacha Moment - Melachah Of Mavir 🔥
״כל השונה הלכות בכל יום - מובטח לו שהוא בן עולם הבא״ (נידה עג ע״א, מגילה כח:)
“Anyone who studies Halachot every day is guaranteed that he is destined for the world-to-come” (Megilla 28b, Niddah 73a)
Question:
What is the melachah of Mavir (Kindling a fire)?
Answer:
The melachah of Mavir was to kindle a fire in order to heat the vats of dyes that were used to dye the curtains of the Mishkan. [1] Some commentaries state that it was needed for melting the metal that was used for parts of the Mishkan. [2]
The melachah of Mavir is defined as any manner of kindling, fueling or spreading a fire. This includes:
a. Striking a match or lighter. [3]
b. Lighting a fire with a magnifying glass. [4]
c. Lighting a fire by rubbing two sticks together.
d. Causing sparks in order to ignite a fire. [5]
e. Adding wood to a fire. [6]
f. Adding oil to a cup that is fueling a wick. [7]
g. Raising the gas to an already lit fire. [8]
h. Stoking coals. [9]
i. Blowing on an ember to make a fire larger. [10]
j. Tilting oil in a cup in order to fuel a lit wick. [11]
The biblical prohibited of Mavir is transgressed if one lights a fire for the purpose of cooking, heating, or for light. [12] Even if one is only lighting the fire in order to benefit from the ashes that are produced, it is considered a transgression of Mavir. [13] If one did not light a fire for any of these purposes, then it is only rabbinically prohibited. [14]
Sources:
[1]. Talmud Bavli, Shabbat, 73a.
[2]. Tosafot, Shabbat, 94a, “Rav Shimon.”
[3]. See also in Rav Pe’alim, O.C. 2:53 who states that if one struck a match and only spark came out but it did not ignite the match, then one only has performed a rabbinical prohibition.
[4]. Meorei Esh, vol. 2, p. 474 and p. 482.
[5]. Simply creating sparks that cannot ignite a fire is only rabbinically prohibited. See Pri Megadim, 502:47, M.Z. 1; Chazon Ish, O.C. 50:9; Har Tzvi, O.C., 1:150; Rav Pe’alim O.C. 2:53; Minchat Yitzchak, vol. 2, 16:16; Tzitz Eliezer, 1:20, 1:15; Minchat Shlomo, vol. 1, 10:7.
[6]. Rambam, Shabbat, 12:2.
[7]. Talmud Bavli, Betza 22a; Rosh; Rambam, Shabbat, 12:2.
[8]. Yalkut Yosef, Shabbat, vol. 5, p. 182.
[9]. Talmud Bavli, Kritut 20a; Talmud Yerushalmi, Shabbat 2:5.
[10]. Ibid.
[11]. See Yabia Omer, vol. 1, 21:18.
[12]. Chazon Ovadia, Shabbat, vol. 6, p. 105.
[13]. Rambam, Shabbat, 12:1.
[14]. See Menuchat Ahavah, vol. 3, 25:1.
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