The Daily Halacha Moment - Women's Obligation In Kiddush 🚺 🍷
״כל השונה הלכות בכל יום - מובטח לו שהוא בן העולם הבא״ (נידה עג ע״א, מגילה כח:)
“Anyone who studies Halachot every day is guaranteed that he is destined for the world-to-come” (Megilla 28b, Niddah 73a)
Question:
Are women obligated in the Mitzvah of Kiddush?
May women recite Kiddush?
Answer:
Women are obligated in the mitzvah of Kiddush just as men are. The general rule is that women are not obligated to perform mitzvot which are limited to a certain time of day, a certain day, days of the week, or a certain date of the year. Although the mitzvah of Kiddush falls into that category, our Sages taught that in this case, women are nevertheless obligated. They derived this Halacha from the interpretation of the following pesukim in the Torah. (See Gemara Rosh HaShanah 27a)
In Parashat Yitro, the Torah says by the Ten Commandments: Remember the Shabbat day to sanctify it.
The version by Parashat Va'etchanan says: Observe the Shabbat day to sanctify it.
Our sages taught that Hashem spoke these two version simultaneously. Based in this, they ruled that whoever is obligated in the mitzvah of observing Shabbat, meaning to refrain from performing acts of Melechah, is also obligated in the Mitzvah of remember (I.e. Mention) Shabbat by reciting Kiddush. Since women are obligated to observe Shabbat they are also obligated in the Mitzvah of Kiddush as well.[1]
Since men and women are obligated equally by the Torah in the mitzvah of Kiddush, a women has the Halachic ability to recite Kiddush for men. Nevertheless, it is considered immodest that women recite Kiddush for men, unless it is within her immediate family. [2]
Sources:
[1]. Shulchan Aruch 271:2; Mishnah Berurah 271:3. See also Ben Ish Chai, Bereshit 11; Sh"t Chazon Ovadia Siman 10. See also Yalkut Yosef, Shabbat English Edition, vol. 1, p. 220.
[2]. Shulchan Aruch 271:2. See also Chazon Ovadia, Shabbat, vol. 2, p. 24
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